Unravelling the World on Social Studies - History | Chapter 4 - Tribal and the Vision of a Golden Age | Class 8 | Solved Question and Answers

                                                         Part I: History

Chapter – 4

Tribal and the Vision of a Golden Age
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        Exercise

A.   Answer the following questions in brief.

1.      What was the most important objective of the British rule? How did the Permanent Settlement imposed by the British affect the tribals?

Ans: The most important objective of the British rule was to create a class of landed people who could act as middlemen for the officials of the East India Company to establish their control over the countryside.

The Permanent Settlement by the British promoted the interests of the zamindars by completely changing the countries older social and economic system.

 

2.      Why was the life of the Adivasis severely disrupted during the Medieval Period?

Ans: Because the British introduced commercialization of agriculture and took away large tracts of land from the tribals. This also broke down their self-sufficient economy and the barter system.

 

3.      Why did tribes rises rise in revolt against the British?

Ans: Because the British restricted their freedom to move in and out of the forests and curbed their rights over forest produces. Chopping trees for fuelwood was banned and they were forced to become agricultural labourers and were exploited.

 

4.      Who practiced Jhum cultivation? How did they practice it?

Ans: Nomads usually practiced Jhum Cultivation. Jhum was practised on small patches of land. The cultivators cut the treetops to allow sunlight to reach the ground. They burned the vegetations on the land to clear it for cultivation. The ash was used to fertilize the soil. Trees were cut with an axe and a hoe was used to prepare the soil on which the seeds were scattered. The move to another field once the crop was ready and harvested.

 

5.      How did the function and power of tribal chief change under British rule?

Ans:  i. They lost their administrative powers and authority.

   ii. They were unable to perform their traditional function.

iii. They were forced to follow laws made by the British.

 

B.   Answer the following questions in detail.

 1.      How did the tribals earn their livelihood? (Write any four ways)

Ans: i. They would work in the field and earn their livelihoods.

        ii. They would earn by carrying loads and being hired to build roads.

        iii. They earn by supplying forest products like Kusum and Palash flowers in the markets.

iv. Those pastoralists would sell their cattle and earn.

 

2.      How were the Adivasis affected with the coming of the British?

Ans: Some of the reasons are given below:

i.     The British introduced commercialization of agriculture which would require lots of agricultural land from tribals.

ii.    There was strict government control over forest areas.

iii.  The British took away large tracts of land from the tribals.

iv.   The British restricted their freedom to move in and out of the forest.

v.    They were forced to become agricultural labourers and were exploited.

 

3.      Why did British prefer settled cultivators than nomadic tribes? Why did the British give permission to some cultivators to carry on shifting cultivation?

Ans: The British prefers settled cultivators so that they could control and administer settled tribes better and to ensure a fixed revenue for the state.

The British gave permission to some cultivators like in North – East India, since settled plough cultivation was not possible in areas where water was scare and the soil was dry.

 

4.      How did the colonial laws affect most Jhum cultivators?

Ans: Some of the Reason are –

i.          Due to the forest laws imposed by the British.

ii.        People in the reserved forest were not allowed to move freely.

iii.      They were not allowed to practice Jhum cultivation, hunt animals or collect fruits.

5.      Why did the Santhals revolt? How were they trapped by the British? What was the impact of the revolt?

Ans: The Santhals revolted because of the Permanent Settlement introduced by Lord Cornwallis.

The British, equipped with modern firearms and war elephants, reached the foot of the hill on which the Santhals were stationed. When the battle began, the British officer ordered fire without bullets. As the Santhals could not understand this trap set by the British officer, they charged in full force. But as soon as they reched the foot of the hill, the British army attacked with full power using real bullets. The Hapless Santhals were shot to pieces.

The Impact of the Revolts  was-

i.      Indian Forect Act was passed in 1878, which imposed severe restriction upon Adivasis’ right over forest land and produce.

  

C.   Tick the correct answer.

1.      (i)

2.      (ii)

3.      (iv)

4.      (iv)

5.      (ii)

 

            

    

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