Part I: History
Chapter – 5
The Revolt of 1857
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Exercise
A. Answer the following questions in brief.
1. Why were the soldier discontent with the British?
Ans: Because they were not given high position in the
military and their pay was lower than the British and their condition of service
were bad.
2. How were the peasant affected under the British rule?
Ans: Some of the reason are-
i.
The self- sufficient economy was lost due to the
British policy of commercialisation of agriculture.
ii.
The were subjected to inhuman oppression.
iii.
They had to pay very high taxes.
3. Why were the conservative sections of the society
annoyed with the British?
Ans: The conservative section of the society annoyed with
the British because of the following reason:
i.
The British government was promoting Christianity and
encouraging common man to convert to Christianity.
ii.
The laws passed to free the society, from the evils
like Sati.
iii.
Legalizing widow remarriage.
4. How did the British bring about an end to the Mughal
rule in India?
Ans: The British brought about end to the Mughal rule in
India as Lord Canning, the Governor General of India, announced in 1856 that
Bahadur Shah’s successors would not even be allowed to use the title of ‘king’.
5. Who were the major leaders during the Revolt?
Ans: The Major leaders during the revolts were- Nana Sahib,
Rani Lakshmibai, Kunwar Singh, Tantia Tope, Bakht Khan, Azimullah and Maulvi
Ahmadullah.
B.
Answer the following question in detail.
1. What was the immediate cause of the Revolt of 1857?
Ans: The immediate cause of the revolt of 1857 was the
introduction of new Pattern Enfield Rifle in 1853. To load the new rifle, the sepoy had to bite
the cartridge open which was rumoured that the paper cartridge used with the
rifle were greased with animal fats, regarded sacrilegious by both Hindus and
Muslim.
2. Why were the local rulers unhappy under the British?
Ans: The local rulers were unhappy because of the policy of
Doctrine of Lapse and also, they did not want to lose their freedom and
autonomy as independent rulers.
3. Discuss how the Revolt spread throughout the India?
Ans: The revolt spread from Delhi to most of northern
India. Everybody started rallying around the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar.
Unrest and uprising among the people in Assam, Bihar, Sindh, Rajasthan,
Maharashtra, Bengal, Orissa, Hyderabad and Punjab. Like, in Bareilly, Khan
Bahadur Khan led the revolt on May 31. In Jhansi, Rani Laxshmi Bai and in
Kanpur, it was led by Nana Sahib and Begum Hazrat Mahal in Awad.
4. How did the British suppress the Revolt?
Ans: The British Governor General mobilized all his forces
and placed them under his best commanders. They burnt villages, massacred
villagers and hanged thousand of people in public. Many leaders were captured,
and some were killed in the battle. Hundreds of sepoys, rebel, nawab and rajas
were tried and hanged.
5. The civilian rebellion was varied in nature. Comment
Ans: The civilian rebellion was varied in nature as -
The rebels consisted of three groups:
i.
The feudal nobility- The nobility, many of
whom had lost their titles and domains under the Doctrines of Lapse, felt that
the company had interfered with a traditional norms of inheritance. Leaders
such as Nana Sahib and the Rani of Jhansi.
ii.
Rural landlords – The rural landlords on taluqdars,
had lost most of their land to peasant-farmers as a result of the land reforms
that came in the wake of the annexations of Oudh (Awad).
iii.
The Peasants – The peasant who suffered heavy land-
revenues, losing their land and going into great debt with moneylenders.
6. What were the outcomes of the revolt?
Ans: the outcomes of the revolt were-
i.
A new Act was passed in 1858 and the powers of the
East India Company were transferred to the British Crown.
ii.
The Indian kingdoms were made subordinate to the
British Crown.
iii. Proportion of Indian soldiers was reduced and
that of European soldier was increased.
iv. Land was and property were confiscated.
v.
Policies to protect the landlords and zamindars were
made.
C. Tick the correct answer.
1. (iv)
2. (i)
3. (ii)
4. (ii)
5. (i)
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