Part I: History
Chapter – 6
Colonialism and its Effective on Cities
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Exercise
A. Answer the following questions in brief.
1. Describe any three features of the Presidency cities
which arose by the eighteenth century.
Ans: The three features are:-
i.
It is the most important centres of trade and
commerce.
ii. They were the
regional centres of British India.
iii.
Many famous
fort were buit in these cities like – Fort William and Fort St. George.
2. What is Lutyen’s Delhi.
Ans: The areas like the India Gate, the Parliament House
and the Connaught Place which were designed by Lutyens and Baker is known as
Lutyen’s Delhi.
3. Distinguish between a Presidency city and an urban centre.
Mention two types of urban centres.
Ans: Presidency city had the Company’s trading posts, these
were the important centres of trade and commerce. They were the regional
centres for the British India. Whereas Urban centre which include hill towns
such as Darjeeling, Shimla, Dehradun etc. were some of the important hill
stations where the British usually spent time to avoid the heat in summer.
4. What do you understand by the Bengal Renaissance?
Ans: The state of the common people which underwent
continuous progress in all spheres of life is known as the Bengal Renaissance.
5. Analyse three effects of Partition.
Ans: The three effects of partition are-
i.
It affected the culture of Delhi as huge population needed
jobs and houses.
ii.
Large migration from Punjab changed the socio-cultural
milieu of Delhi.
iii.
New foods, dresses, arts, and ideas became popular
with the passage of time.
B. Answer the following questions in detail.
1. Discuss the urban change during the British rule.
Ans: During the British rule, villages lost their self –
sufficient and the entire country was focused on British needs. There were many
other cities which lost their importance as centres of regional power when
their rulers were defeated by the British. In such case, people who had been
living in those cities left them forever and moved back to villages in the
countryside.
2. How did Calcutta become the capital of British India?
Which factor promoted the British to shift the capital to Delhi?
Ans: In 1772 Calcutta became the capital of British India
when the first Governor-General, Warren Hasting, transferred all the important
offices to the city from Murshidabad.
The partition of Bengal in 1905 led to widespread
public unrest and the boycott of British goods. It was called the Swadeshi
Movement which increased the revolutionary activities. So, this factor promoted
the British to shift the capital to Delhi.
3. How did Bombay become a Presidency city in India?
Ans: In 1661, Prince Charles II of England married Catherine
of Braganza, the daughter of King John IV of Portugal. After the marriage, the
islands of Bombay were handed over to the British monarch, as part of
Catherine’s dowry to Charles. In 1687, the headquarter of the British East
India Company were transferred from Surat to Bombay. Soon, the cities became
the headquarter of the Bombay Presidency.
4. What developments led to the formation of the Madras
Presidency?
Ans: In 1639, An
official of the English East India company named Francis Day bought a small
strip of land on the Coromandel Coast. The local ruler at this time, granted
the British permission to set up a warehouse and a factory for their trading
business. After some time, the British built Fort St George, which was located
at the centre of the growing colonial city. This led to the formation of the
Madras Presidency.
5. ‘The period between 1830-57 is called the Delhi
Renaissance’. Comment
Ans: The period between 1830-57 is called the Delhi
Renaissance as Renaissance literally means rebirth of art and learning. Development
in Sciences and Humanities, especially in Urdu language, led to the establishment
of Delhi College in 1792. The British tried to completely wipe out the traces
of Mughal architecture. Mosque were either destroyed or put to other uses and
actually one-third of the city was destroyed, and railways lines were laid.
C. Tick the correct answer
1.
(ii)
2.
(iii)
3.
(i)
4.
(ii)
5.
(i)
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