Part I: History
Chapter
– 13
The Nationalist Movement (1885-1919)
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I.
Fill in the blanks:
1. Allan Octavian Hume
2. Lokmanya Tilak
3. HomeRule League
4. Curzon
5. George V
II.
True or False
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. False
III.
Answer in
Brief:
1. Define
Nationalism
Ans: Nationalism
is a strong feeling of love, pride and loyalty that people have for their
country.
2. Write a short note on the boycott and swadeshi
movement hey.
Ans: People
gathered at crossroads and burnt the imported clothes that they had. People
picketed shops selling foreign goods. This was called the Boycott Movement.
People resolved to use only things made in India. This
was called the Swadeshi Movement. Swadeshi means ‘of one's own country’.
3. Write a short note on the partitions of Bengal.
Ans: Bengal was the stronghold of the Congress. As
Lord Curzon became the Governor-General of India. In 1905, he partitions Bengal
the main motive was to separate east Bengal with its majority Muslim population
from the rest of Bengal and to weaken the Congress. It also serves to divide
the Hindus and Muslim and to create a furore among the Indians.
4. What was the reason for the split in the Congress in
1907?
Ans:
The difference in opinion between the moderates and
radicals, for instance the radicals took swaraj to mean total freedom from
British dominations, while for the moderates it just meant an increased role
for Indians in British administration.
5. Who were the moderates and the ridicules of the
Congress?
Ans: The Moderates were like Gopal Krishna Gokhale,
Surendranath Banerjee, and Radical were like Lokmanya Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai.
6. Explain the policy of divide and rule.
Ans:
Morley-Minto reforms divided Hindus and Muslims by
creating a separate electorates for the Muslim in order to weakened the Indian
nationalist movement. So therefore this was the policy of divide and rule.
7. Which were the parties that signed the Lucknow Pact?
Ans:
The Congress and The Muslim League.
IV.
Answer in
detail:
1. Mention any two factors that led to the growth of
nationalism amongst Indians.
Ans: The two factors are;
i. Awakening
of the Indians to the rich cultural heritage.
ii.
Discrimination against Indians.
2. Who were the leaders in the Congress when it was
started? What were its aim?
Ans: Dadabhai Naoroji, Pherozeshah Mehta, S Subramania
Iyer, Rahimatullah, WC Bonnerjee and Dinshaw Wadia
i.
To seek the operation of
all Indians.
ii.
To eradicate prejudices
of race, religion, caste, etc
iii.
To discuss the major
problem of India.
iv.
To request the British to
involve Indians.
3. Write short notes on - a) The Morley- Minto Reform’; b) the Montagu Chelmsford Reforms
Ans:
a) The Morley – Minto Reforms:- According to this act,
i.
The number of
elected members in the Imperial Legislative Council was increased.
ii.
Indian could now
become member of the Provincial Legislative Council.
iii.
Separate
electorates were introduced for the Muslim i.e some seats were reserved for
Muslim.
b) The Montagu Chelmsford Reforms: In July
1918, the Montagu- Chelmsford Reforms where announced, so named after the
Secretary of State for India. Edwin Montagu, and the viceroy, Lord Chelmsford.
It aims was to gradually develop responsible government in India, as a part of
the British Empire. These reforms led to the enactment of the Government of
India Act 1919. Under this act, the provincial councils were enlarged with a
majority of its member now being elected.
4. Write short notes on- a) the HomeRule League b) the
Muslim League
Ans:
a) The Home Rule League :- Some
of the Indians leaders realised that unless popular pressures was brought to
bear upon the government, they would never have self- rule or home rule.
Therefore between 1950 and 1916, two Home Rule Leagues were started- one
under the leadership of Lokmanya Tilak in Poona and other under Annie Besant
in Madras.
b) the Muslim League:- Muslim leaders
like the Aga Khan were made to believe that they should do something to
safeguard their interests as the Congress was dominated by Hindus. The Muslim
leaders feared that if the British did leave India, Muslim would have no share in the Indian
government. As a result of this feeling, some Muslim leaders set up a separate
political organization in the form of Muslim league.
Multiple Choice Question
1. a)
2. b)
3. c)
4. b)
5. c)
6. d)
7. c)
8. d)
9. c)
10.c)
11.b)
