Part I: History
Chapter – 15
After the Independence
I.
Fill in the
Blanks
1. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
2. Pakistan
3. Maharaja Hari Singh
4. 1950
5. Panchsheel
6. Language
II.
True or False
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True
III.
Answer in Brief
1.
What
were the two challenges that India faced immediately after independence?
Ans: The two challenges that India faced after the
independence are:-
i) the refugee crisis.
ii) keeping the country together and not
allow it to break into independent fragments.
2.
How
was Junagadh annexed to India?
Ans:- Junagadh was a small seaport state in
Kathiawad(Saurashtra). The Nawab of Janagadh wanted to join Pakistan, while the
people of the state wanted to join India. The Indian army was sent to take over
the state. The nawab fled to Pakistan, and Junagadh became part of India.
3.
How
was Hyderabad annexed to India?
Ans:- Hyderabad enjoyed a special position as the
largest princely state of India. The nizam declared Hyderabad to be
independent. The Indian leaders felt that the future of India as a unified
nation would face grave danger if this was allowed to happen. Indian troops
were sent to Hyderabad. The government of India announced that it was not a war
but ‘police action’, and Hyderabad was annexed to India.
4.
Why
did the ruler of Kashmir join India?
Ans:- Kashmir had a Hindu ruler, Maharaja Hari
Singh, ruling over a majority of muslim people. Hari Singh had secret hopes of
remaining independent. Since Kashmir was invaded by Pathan tribes from
Pakistan. Hari Singh appealed to India for help and, in return, he agreed to
join India.
5.
What
are Five-Year Plans? Which Prime Minister introduced them?
Ans:- Five-Year Plans are methods to plan for the
most effectives and balanced utilization of the country’s resources.
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
6.
List
all the countries that neighbor India.
Ans:- Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, Nepal, Bhutan,
Myanmar, Sri Lanka.
7.
Explain
the policy of non- alignment.
Ans: When the world
was divided into camps headed by the ernest USSR and the USA, India remained
neutral through the Non- Aligned Movement.
IV.
Answer in detail.
1. Describe the significant features of the Constitution of India.
Ans:
The significant feature of the Constitution of India are-
i.
World's
Longest Constitution: The Indian Constitution contains 395
articles and 12 schedules, making it the world's longest written constitution.
ii.
Taken
from various sources: The Indian Constitution was framed from
multiple sources including the 1935 Government of India Act and Other Countries
Constitutions.
iii.
Federal
System with Unitary Features: The Indian Constitution includes all
the federal characteristics of governance such as dual government system
(center and state), division of powers (among executive, judiciary and legislature), constitutional supremacy, etc
iv.
Parliamentary Form of
Government: The parliamentary system is
based on the principle of cooperation and coordination between the legislative
and executive organs.
v.
Blend of Rigidity and Flexibility: A rigid constitution is one that requires a special
procedure for its amendment. A
flexible constitution is one that can be amended in the same manner as the
ordinary laws are made, as for example, the British Constitution.
2. Give an account of the wars and armed conflicts between India and
Pakistan.
Ans:
- India and Pakistan have shared a strained relationship ever since the
accession of Jammu and Kashmir to India. Pakistan tried to liberate Kashmir,
and it ended in armed conflict between the two countries. Two Indo-Pakistan
wars took place, one in 1965 over Kashmir and the other in1970(Liberation of
Bangladesh). There were constant border skirmishes. In May 1999, armed
intruders and Pakistan soldiers entered Kashmir and took control of the high
ridges of Kargil. So After a bitterly fought battle, India took back Kargil.
3. Give a brief account of the ups and downs in the relationship
between India and China.
Ans:
In 1954, India and China signed the Panchsheel Agreement, and both accepted the
five principles of friendly co-existence. However, trouble soon arouse with
China publishing a map which showed over one lakh square kilometres of Indian
territory in the Himalayas as part of China. Even Chinese forces attacked India
in 1962 and defeated the Indian army. However, there have been efforts on both
sides to improve relations.
Multiple Choice Questions-
1.
d)
2.
b)
3.
d)
4.
d)
5.
c)
6.
a)
7.
a)
8.
d)
9.
b)
10.
c)
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