Unravelling the World on Social Studies - CIVICS | Chapter 5 - Judiciary in India | Class 8 | Solved Question and Answers

 

Part III: CIVICS

Chapter – 5

Judiciary in India
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            Exercise

            A.   Answer the following questions in brief.

1.    List the main functions of the judiciary.

Ans: The main functions of the judiciary are to protect the rights of the people and resolve disputes in accordance with the laws set by the constitution.

 2.    What is the function of the revenue courts?

Ans: The function of the revenue courts is to hear cases which involve the payment of tax.

 3.    Why is the Supreme Court called the Court of Records?

Ans: The Supreme Court is called the Court of Record because the verdicts and judgements made by the Supreme Court are kept as records for reference and used by lawyers as precedents. 

4.    Define Appellate jurisdiction.

Ans: If any party is not satisfied with the judgement of a lower court, regarding constitutional, civil or criminal cases, they can appeal to the Court to change the results of the decisions made by them.

 5.    What are District Courts?

Ans: The district courts at the district level which are under the administrative and judicial control of the High Court of the state are district court. Some of the courts are – Civil and criminals courts, revenue court, Nyaya panchayat and Lok adalats.

 

B.   Answer the following questions in detail.

1.    How does the Constitution ensure independence of the judiciary?

Ans: i) Appointment of judges does not involve political parties.

        ii) A person must have experience as a lawyer to be appointed as a judge.

        iii) He cannot be appointed arbitrarily.

        iv) The judges hold office till the age of retirement.

 2.    What are the powers of the Supreme Court? Describe any one of them.

Ans: The powers of the Supreme Court are:-

i)   Original jurisdiction

ii)  Appellate jurisdiction

iii)  Advisory jurisdiction

iv)            Supervisory jurisdiction

v)  Court of Record

 

Court of Record: The verdicts and judgements made by the Supreme Court are kept as records for reference and used by lawyers as precedents.

 3.    Discuss the composition of the Supreme Court and the High Courts.

Ans: Supreme Court: The Chief Justice of India (CJI), appointed by the President of India, heads the Supreme Court The maximum strength of the Supreme Court is 31.

High Court:  A High Court is composed of a Chief Justice and a number of judges. The President of India, in consultant with the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and the Governor of the state appoints the Chief Justice.

 4.    What are the qualifications of judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts?

Ans: The qualification of the Judges of the Supreme Court:

 The judges should be a citizen of India with ten years of experience as advocates or five years of experience as High Court

  The qualification of the Judges of the High Court:

The judge should be a citizen of India and a High Court advocate for at least 10 years, or a holder of a judicial office in India for at least 10 years.

 5.    Describe how a case proceeds from a subordinate court to the Supreme Court.

Ans: Case must be filed with the police with a formal complaint. If the accused is pronounced guilty, he/she may appeal to the court of the sessions judge. If the sessions judge does not modify the decision, the accused can appeal to the state High Court. If the accused person is found guilty in the High Court, he/she can appeal to the highest court in the country.

 

C.   Tick the correct answer.

1.    (i)

2.    (i)

3.    (ii)

4.    (i)

5.    (iii)

 

D.     Fill in the Blanks.

1.    District and Revenue court

2.    Judicial

3.    Session judge Court

4.    Supreme court

5.    Tax

E.        Compare and Contrast

1.    PIL and Writ Petition

Ans: PIL:  Any individual or group of people, whose rights are affected, can file a PIL (Public Interest Litigation.)

Writ Petition: A writ petition can be filed only if your fundamental rights are being violated.

2.    Nyaya Panchayat and Lok Adalats

Ans: Nyaya Panchayat: Nyaya panchayat serve as village – level courts that settle minors cases. A group of villages is served by one Nyaya Panchayat.

Lok Adalats :  Lok adalats are people’s court based on Gandhian principles, which follow very simple procedures to settle petty disputes through conciliation and compromise.

 

 

 

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