Unravelling the World on Social Studies - History | Chapter 3 - Colonial Rule and the Countryside | Class 8 | Solved Question and Answers

Part I: History

Chapter – 3

Colonial Rule and the Countryside

-----------------------------------------------------

            Exercise

 

A    A. Answer the following question in brief.

 

1.    Who gave the East India Company the Diwani right formally? What did the Company aim at?

Ans: The Diwani right was formally given by the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II.

The Company aimed for generating profit.

 

2.    What did the interdependence village lead to?

Ans: The interdependence of villages on one another made it easier for the British to rule them. It also helped the British to impose similar rules and regulations on each village.

 

3.    How did the harsh policy of the British affect the peasants?

Ans: The British introduced drastic change in the Indian economy. They give no support to the farmers. Due to their taxation policies many peasants left their villages and many became landless.

 

4.    Write about three negative impacts of British land revenue policies.

Ans:  The three negative impact of British land revenue policies are: -

i.              Land became a commodity that could be sold and purchase.

ii.            Agriculture became stagnant occupation for those who actually tilled and cultivated the land.

iii.           The productivity of the land decline, causing dearth of foodcrops and famines.

5.  What was the Mahalwari System?

Ans: The Mahalwari system was introduced in the modern-day Uttar Pradesh, parts of Madhya Pradesh and Punjab by Holt Mackenzie in 1822. According to this system, revenue settlement was made for the entire village or mahal.

B    B.   Answer the following questions in detail.

1.    Who initiated the Ijaradari system? Why did it fail?

Ans: The Governor -General of the East India Company, Warren Hastings.

It failed because bidding had no link with the land’s actual productivity and no interest was shown by the Ijaradari or revenue farmers in improving the Productivity.

 

2.    What was the Ryoti system of indigo production? Describe its importance features.

Ans: The planters under this system forced the villagers or ryot to sign a contract. Many times the village headman was forced to sign a contract on behalf of the ryot.

The importance features are:

i.       Cash advances were given to the person who signed the contract at low rates of interest.

ii.     The peasant would received a loan from the planters to cultivate the land.

 

3.    When, where and by who was the Permanent Settlement introduced? Write the terms of the settlement and any two of its effects.

Ans: The Permanent Settlement was introduced in Bengal in 1793 by Lord Cornwallis.

In this Settlement the Zamindars were the owners of land in their estates as long as they paid the percentage of the revenue they collected.

The two effects are:

i.       It created for the British a new class of loyalist in the form of zamindars.

ii.     Area of cultivation increased as many wastelands and forest were brought under cultivation.

 

4.    Explain the Nij System of indigo production. Mention the difficulties faced by the cultivators in this system of cultivation.

Ans: In this Nij System the planters produce indigo in lands that he directly controls. Either the planters bought the land or leased it from others.

 

The difficulties faced by the cultivators in this system of cultivation.

i.       The fertile land were densely populated.

ii.     One would find it difficult to expand the area under cultivation.

 

 

5.    Describe the Ryotwari Settlement. What were its major impacts?

Ans: The term ‘ryot’ means a peasant. This settlement was between the peasant or the ryot and the East India Company. Ryotwari settlement was introduced by Thomas Munro in the Madras Presidency during 1820 -27.

The importance features are:

i.       The method of collection was very rigid.

ii.     The peasant became landless if they failed to pay the taxes.

iii.    There was no improvement in land.

 

6.    What was Blue Rebellion? How was it suppressed? What was its effect on indigo production?

Ans: When thousand of ryots in Bengal refused to grow indigo in 1859. Gradually, they refused to pay the rents to the planters and attacked indigo factories was known as Blue Rebellion.

It was suppressed when a commission was set up to inquire into the system of indigo production.

Its effects was that Indigo production did not bring profit to the ryots so they could refuse the contract in future.

 

 

C    C.   Tick the correct answer.

1.    (ii)

2.    (i)

3.    (i)

4.    (i)

5.    (iv)

         Follow Me Here : 

To follow press on the link below

                        

1. Intas Jz Official  Youtube Channel: https://youtube.com/@IntasJz
2. Hembrom Blog Youtube Channel: https://youtube.com/@hembromjz
3. Blog Website : https://www.intas10.in/
4. Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/Intasjz
5. Instagram : https://www.instagram.com/intasjzofficial/

Thanks for Visiting my Page🧡🧡🧡🧡🧡🧡