New Getting Ahead In Social Studies Class 8 Solutions Chapter - 7 - Social and Political Life | Social Justice and the Marginalised | Solved Question and Answers

 Part III: Social and Political Life

Chapter – 7

Social Justice and The Marginalised

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      I.            Fill in the blanks.

1.       Employment of Manual Scavengers and Construction of Dry

2.       Tribal

3.       Equal

4.       1955

 

   II.            True or False.

1.     False

2.     True

3.     False

4.     True

 

III.            Answer in Brief:

1.     What is manual scavenging? Is it permitted by the law?

Ans: Manual Scavenging is the removal of human excreta by hand, by people especially employed for the purpose.  The people who do this work are called manual scavengers.

No, it is not permitted by the law.

2.      Mention any two steps taken by the government for the Welfare of the Dalits.

Ans: The two-step taken by the government for the Welfare of the Delhi

i. The untouchability (Offences) Act 1955 and

ii. The protection of civil right act 1955.

 

3.      What was the recommendations of The Mandal Commission?

Ans: The Mandal Commission was set up by the Indian government in 1979 to identify the socially or educationally backward set man of society and to suggest method for solving the problem of caste discriminations.

Some of the recommendations are-

                                                                                                             i.      Mandal commission recommended that 27% of government jobs be reserve for the socially and economic economically backward classes.

                                                                                                           ii.      27% was to be reserve in all government run Institutions of Higher Education.

                                                                                                        iii.      22.5% seat be reserve for people belonging to STs and SCs.

 

4.     Mention any two discriminatory practices against the dalits that are prevalent in some parts of India.

Ans:   i) The practice of Untouchability.

ii. Treated as outcastes and subjected to humiliation and Subjugation.

 

IV. Answer in detail.

1.     Why is it important that socio economic progress include every section of the society.

Ans: Social economic progress should include every section of the society as it aims to ensure that everyone meet their basic needs that are essential to live a life of dignity.

2.     What is child labour? Give examples.

Ans: The term “child labour” is often defined as work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to physical and mental development.

Across India child labourers can be found in a variety of industries: in brick kilns, carpet weaving, garment making, domestic service, food and tea stalls, agriculture, fisheries and mining.

 

3.     What are the kinds of medical facilities available in India today for the rural people.

Ans: The kinds of medical facilities available in India for the rural people are –

 i. Population norms for rural healthcare infrastructure.

ii. Sub Centres (SCs)

iii. Primary Health Centre (PHC)

iv. Community Health Centres (CHCs)

v. First Referral Units (FRUs)

 

4.     What is medical tourism?

Ans: Medical tourism is the coming of foreigners to India for medical treatment and it has become a major earner of foreign exchange for the Indian government.

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1.     d

2.     c

3.     a

4.     b

5.     b

6.     b

New Getting Ahead In Social Studies Class 8 Solutions Chapter - 6 - Social and Political Life | The Role of the Police and that of the Courts | Solved Question and Answers

Part III: Social and Political Life

Chapter – 6

The Role of the Police and That of the Courts

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      I.            Fill in the Blanks:

1.     Superintendent of Police (SP)

2.     FIR

3.     High

4.     Supreme

5.     Witness

 

   II.            True or False

1.     False

2.     False

3.     True

4.     True

5.     True

6.     True

 

III.            Answer in brief:

 

1.     What is a first Information report (FIR)

Ans:- FIR is a complaint submitted to the police.

 

2.     Who is a public prosecutor?

Ans:- A public prosecutor is a lawyer who fights for or defend the State. He or she is appointed by the State.

 

3.     On the basis of what factors does the judge decide a case?

Ans:-On the basis evidence or proof presented by the police, witnesses, defendant, and prosecutor, the judge decides a case.

 

 

IV.            Answer in detail.

1.     Describe the procedure to file an FIR.

Ans:-   The procedure to file an FIR:-

i.                   The victim or the witness should go to the nearest or any police station and file an FIR and later transferred to the police station under which the offence occurred.

ii.                The FIR must be hand written, signed and prepared in duplicate.

iii.              The police officer assigns a registration number and signs and gives the informant his or her copy.

iv.              The FIR should specify the place, date and time of the incident and describe the incident in detail.

v.                 No police can refuse to register an FIR.

 

 

2.     Why should every accused be held innocent until proved otherwise? What will happen if this is not so?

Ans:  It is because he is assumed guilty from the start. As a result, there is a fair chance of innocent person being punished. Therefore, it is a law given by the court that a person held is assumed to be innocent until he is proved guilty.

 

 

3.     Explain the process of investigating crimes.

Ans:-The process of investigating crimes are-

i.                   Each police station covers a specific area and so any crime committed in an area has to be reported at the police station concerned.

ii.                The law requires the officer of the police station to register a first information report or FIR.

iii.              Even if the crime committed is not within the purview of the concerned police station. The officer there must file an FIR.

iv.              The police cannot decide on the guilt of the accused – that is the work of the judiciary.

Multiple Choice Questions      

1.     c)

2.     c)

3.     c)

4.     a)

5.     c)

6.     b)

 

New Getting Ahead In Social Studies Class 8 Solutions - Geography Chapter -9 | Disaster Management | Solved Question and Answers

Part II: Geography

Chapter – 9

Disaster Management

 

       I.            Fill in the blanks:

1.     Richter Scale

2.     Anti -Clockwise, Clockwise

3.     Drought

4.     Germ warfare

5.     Hiroshima, Nagasaki

 

   II.            Distinguish between:

1.     Natural and Human- made disaster

Ans: Natural disasters are caused by geographical factors, like earthquakes and Cyclones.

Human made disasters are caused by human activities like industrial accidents, wars and environmental pollution.

 

2.     Cyclone and Flood.

Ans: Spinning Storms which form over warm tropical waters. They can reach wind speeds of over 120 km per hour. These terms are called cyclones.

Flood happen when a river has too much water in its channel. The waters break through the river banks and spread over the surrounding land.

 

3.     Biological Warfare and Nuclear warfare

Ans: Biological Warfare is the use of biological toxins or infectious agents like smallpox, jaundice that are released among the enemy to infect and kill them.

Nuclear warfare is a theoretical military conflict or prepared political strategy that deploys nuclear weaponry.

 

III.  Answer the following questions.

 

1.     What are disasters?  How are they classified?

Ans:  Disaster can be defined as a sudden, unexpected occurrence that causes massive, rampant damage to lives and property of people.

They can be classified broadly into two categories- Natural disaster and Human-made disaster.

  

2.     What is disaster management?

Ans: According to the World Bank, Disaster management is the body of policy and administrative decisions and operational activities which pertain to the various stages of a disaster at all level.

 

3.     Define epicentre. What are the precautions to be taken before, during and after an earthquake?

Ans; The point directly above it on the surface of the earth is called epicenter.

Precaution to be taken.

i. Identify a safe place at home, school and office under a study table or desk.

 ii. Practice the three vital steps of drop cover and hold on.

iii.  Stay on an open ground away from buildings, trees and electric poles which fall on you.

iv. Learn first aid and to operate a fire extinguisher.

v.  Do not panic, stay calm.

 

4.     What is a cyclone? What is the kind of damage inflicted by a cyclone?

Ans:- Spinning Storms which form over warm tropical waters. They can reach wind speeds of over 120 km per hour. These storms are called cyclones.

Some of the damage caused by cyclone are.

i. Damage buildings and property.

ii. Destroy crops,

iii.  uproot trees,

iv. Cause dead due to drowning.

v. Capsize boats at sea.

  

5.     What are Flood? Write a brief note on floods in India and how they are dealt with.

Ans: Floods happen when a river has too much water in its channel. The water breaks through the river banks and spreads over the surrounding land.

 

Floods are an annual feature in several parts of India. Many of the rivers flow their banks like Assam, Bihar and Odisha. The government with the help of the army and Navy launches rescue operations to move marooned people to safer places. Food packets are air dropped for people who are still trapped in unreachable places. Relief camps are  opened where the affected can stay till the flood water recede.

 

6.     Mention a few effects of droughts. What are the majors that can be taken to reduce its impact?

Ans: Effects of drought are;

hunger, thirst and famine, Wildfires, diseases, social conflicts, migration and relocations.

Some of the precautions test to reduce the impacts are. Educate farmers to avoid over cropping and overgrazing.

Some of the Precaution to reduce its impact are:

                                                       i.            Educate farmers to avoid over cropping and overgrazing.

                                                     ii.            Check deforestation and plant trees.

                                                  iii.            Practice rainwater harvesting.

 

7.     List a few human- made disasters.

Ans: Some of the Human – made disaster are – war or terrorist attacks, nuclear radiation, chemical disasters and accidents.

 

8.      Explain in brief about Weapons of mass destruction.

Ans: The weapons of mass destruction refer to nuclear, biological and chemical warfare. They can cause deaths on a massive scale and cause permanent damage to health among the living.

Weapons of mass destruction can be –

                                                       i.            Nuclear weapons

                                                     ii.            Bombs- bombs are used by terrorists to blow up crowded places

                                              iii.            Germ warfare- germs of deadly diseases like smallpox, jaundice etc.

                                                   iv.            Chemical warfare- Chemicals like ‘Agent Orange’ and Napalm’.

 

9.     What precautions can be taken during chemical disaster?

Ans: Precautions to be taken –

                                                       i.            Find out whether the industrial units close to your city use hazardous chemicals.

                                                     ii.            Find out if the local administration has emergency plans to deal with industrial accidents.

                                                  iii.            Find out about the antidotes needed in case of poisoning of people, animals, water resources etc., and their availability.

                                                   iv.            Find out from the hospitals, if they are capable of handling cases of exposure to chemicals.

                                                     v.            Keep a chart of Dos and Don’t in case of a chemical disaster.

 

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

 

1.     c

2.     d

3.     b

4.     c

5.     b

6.     b

7.     c

8.     d