Social stratification and politics
Caste class and elites
Introduction:
The
word social stratification request then to the idea that society is divided
into a patterned structure of unequal groups. Which tense to persist across
generation. It is one of the most important characteristics of societies.
According
to Gilbert "Social stratification is the division of
society into permanent groups of categories linked with each other by a
relationship of superiority and subordination."
R.W
Murray says, “Social stratification is a horizontal
division of society into higher and lower social units."
The role of caste in the politics of India
Caste
has been a predominant aspect of social and political life of India. Its
position as one of the most ancient and deeply rooted features of the Indian.
Social system has been a major factor in the functioning of the Indian
political system. The study of Indian social system and its influence on the
Indian political system essentially involved a study of the role of caste in
Indian politics.
Main features of
Indian caste system
1. Member
of a particular caste cannot marry outside their caste.
2. In
every caste there are certain restrictions upon all members regarding goods,
drink and social intercourse.
3. In
most cases there is fix occupation for particular caste.
4. There are hierarchical gradations among the castes and the most recognized
position is that of brahmins.
5. The
prestige of the Brahmin caste is the cornerstone of the whole organization.
Caste and Indian democracy
The
role of caste in Indian politics by referring to the views of the some well
known authorities.
1. Views
of Pranjpe: caste has been played a significant
role in Indian politics. Panjpe has observed, " Since majorities make a
government in democracies, many small groups must join to form a majority in a
constituency. Certain caste group comprise a sizeable proportion of voters in a
constituency so that discuss can gain a working majority by compromising with
some other caste group.
2. Views
of Rudolphus: Professor Rudolphus says that within
the new contexts of political democracy, caste remains as Central elements of
India's society even which adapting itself to the values and methods of
democratic politics. Indeed, it has become one of the chief means by which the
Indian masses have been attached to the process of Democratic politics.
Caste as an important of Indian politics
The
Role of caste in the Indian political system can be specifically discussed as
the following:
1. Caste factor in political
socialization and leadership recruitment; Different group
have their loyalties behind different political parties and their ideologies.
Right from his birth and Indian citizen in hair rate take caste and group up as
a member of a particular caste group. Caste values and caste interests
influence his socialization and consequently his political thinking, awareness
and participation.
2. Caste and party politics;
caste factor is a constituent of the Indian party system. Some political
parties have a direct cost basis while others indirectly based upon particular
caste group. In particular the Regional parties stand predominantly influence by
the caste factor like DMK and AIADMK in the state of Tamil Nadu.
3. Caste and election;
the cost factor is an important factor of electoral politics in India. All
political parties give great weightage to the caste factor in selecting their
candidates in allocating constituencies to their candidate and in canvassing
support from their nominees in the election.
4. Caste and the exercise of power by
a political party; Since caste is a major factor of the
Indian society and acts as an important factor in various processes of
politics. It also plays a big role in the decision making process. Caste factor
Influence the policies and decision of the state government, the party in power
always tries to use its decision making power to win the favour of major caste
group.
5. Caste and Indian Constitution;
Though the spirit of secularism can clearly performed in the constitution for
stop yet in a limited in indirect way it recognises the caste system it in the
form of providing for caste based reservation. Reservations of seat for the SC
and ST in the union Parliament and the state legislative assembly Article 330
and Article 332 as well as in public service reflect these features.
6. Caste and political leadership;
Caste has been emerging as a factor in the process of leadership recruitment.
The leadership of Shri Kanshi Ram and Ms Mayawati is caste based. So was the
leadership of Ch. Charan Singh in UP. The leadership of Shri Lalu Prasad Yadav
in Bihar is again an example of caste based reservation.
The constitutions of India and several laws
made under it have attacked the Indian Caste system with a view to weaken it.
Particularly for eliminating the evils of the caste system including the
inhuman evils of untouchability.
The
objectives of the following features are as follows;
1. The
Preamble to the Indian Constitution reforms four faith in popular sovereignty
and recognise the sovereign equality of all the people of India.
2. People
of India have declared India to be a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic,
Republic consisting of all people of India without any discrimination.
3. The
state of India is governed by the objective of securing the Welfare and
development of all the people of India.
4. The constitution seeks to secure justice,
equality and fraternity for all the people of India.
5. Every
person in India has been granted the right to religious freedom.
6. The
system of protective discrimination has been adopted for securing social
equality.
7. Untouchability
has been adopted for securing social equality.
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