New Getting Ahead In Social Studies Class 8 Solutions - History Chapter -11 | Colonialism and Urban Change | Solved Question and Answers

Part I: History

Chapter – 11

Colonialism and Urban Change

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

       I.            Fill in the Blanks.

1.     1688

2.     Calcutta and Delhi

3.     Bombay and Thane

4.     Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker

 

   II.            Match the Columns

Darjeeling – hill station

Madras -  Fort St George

Vijayawada -  railway junction

Bombay – group of Island

New Delhi -  India Gate

Calcutta -  fishing village

 

III.            Match the Column

 

Madras -  Francis Day

Calcutta -  Job Charnok

Bomaby -  King Charles II

New Delhi -  Edwin Lutyens

 

IV.            Answer in Brief:

1.     Define deurbanisation. Why did it happen in the British Period?

Ans:- The process of people moving back from urban to rural areas is called ruralisation  or  deurbanisation.

It happened due to the decline of the economy.

 

2.     How was the Indian textile market ruined due to Industrial Revolution?

Ans: Duties on the imports of raw materials from India were abolished in Britain, while high taxes were imposed on imported Indian Textiles. Laws were also introduced in Britain, banning the import of finished textiles from India.

 

3.     Name two hill stations established by the British in India.

Ans: Simla Darjeeling, Ooty and Dehra Dun.

 

4.     Name two cities each that developed around ports and around railway junctions.

Ans: Ports: Calcutta and Bombay

Railway Junctions: Waltair and Vijayawada.

 

5.     What did the terms 'Black Town' and 'White Town' signify in British India?

Ans: The settlements around the fort where the British lived were called 'White Town', and the place where the Indians lived was called 'Black Town'.

 

6.     Identify any two features of the new urban centres.

Ans: The two features are:

i. Many of the new urban centres like Calcutta and Madras developed around forts.

ii. The new cities had broad roads and large and imposing public buildings like government offices, public libraries, museums and town halls.

 

 

   V.            Answer in detail.

 

1.     How were the new urban centers built by the British different from the coal ones? Explain the functions of the different types of cities built by the British giving examples.

 

Ans: The new cities had broad roads and large and imposing public buildings like government offices, public libraries, museums and town halls. They also had parks, markets and clock Towers.

         The part of the city where the British lived was generally divided into the Civil Lines and the military cantonment.  The British military and their families live in the cantonment. The rest lived in the Civil Lines which had bungalows with lots of open space in between.

 

2.     Why and how were municipal corporations created?

Ans: One of the main reasons for the creation of municipalities was the lack of funds faced by the British government in India.

         By levying taxes on roads, trade, ferries, etc., the municipality was able to finance its various activities like building roads, drainage systems and sewerage systems.

 

3.      Give a brief account of the origin and growth of Madras.

Ans:  In 1639, Francis Day and Andrew Cogan of the East India Company search for a suitable place on the Coromandel coast to set up a trading Centre.  They leased the village of Madraspatnam from the local ruler, Damarla Venkatapati Nayak. Here they built a factory and trading port.

         Madras became a naval base and the administrative centre of the British in South India. Madras was one of the three places (along with Bombay and Kolkata) where a University was established to promote Higher Learning.

 

4.     Describe the growth of Kolkata from a fishing Hamlet to the capital of British India.

Ans:- In 1690, Job Charnok, an agent of the East India Company, chose the fishing villages of Kalikata, Sutanuti and Gobindpur to set up a trading settlement. The settlement was soon fortified and called Fort William.

        As British power grew in India, so did the small port town of Calcutta. It emerged in the late 18^th century as the political, economic, social and cultural centre of British power in India.

 

5.     Describe the origin and growth of Bombay.

Ans:- Originally Bombay  was a grouped of seven island – Colaba, Mazgaon, Old Woman’s Island, Wadala, Mahim, Parel and Matunga – Sion.

    In 1853, the first passenger railway line in India was built between Bombay and Thane and in 1857; the University of Bombay was started. The opening of Suez Canal in 1869, export from Bombay, especially of cotton, increased greatly, leading to the accumulation of wealth.

 

6.      Describe the features of Lutyens's New Delhi.

Ans:- Edwin  Lutyens was specifically directed by the Viceroy to ‘harmonise externally with the traditions of India art’. So the buildings of New Delhi were made of red sandstone and included feature like domes, Chhatris, and jalis.

    There were offices building on either President’s Palace, like mirror images. The secretariat building, and building that housed different offices, were on either side of the main road, called King’s Way. 

 

Multiple choice questions

 

 

1.   b

2.   d

3.   d

4.   c

5.   a

6.   d

7.   b

8.   a

9.   a 

10.  c