Part
II: Geography
Chapter
– 9
Disaster Management
I.
Fill in the
blanks:
1. Richter Scale
2. Anti -Clockwise, Clockwise
3. Drought
4. Germ warfare
5. Hiroshima, Nagasaki
II.
Distinguish between:
1. Natural
and Human- made disaster
Ans:
Natural disasters are caused by geographical factors, like earthquakes and
Cyclones.
Human
made disasters are caused by human activities like industrial accidents, wars
and environmental pollution.
2. Cyclone
and Flood.
Ans:
Spinning Storms which form over warm tropical waters. They can reach wind
speeds of over 120 km per hour. These terms are called cyclones.
Flood
happen when a river has too much water in its channel. The waters break through
the river banks and spread over the surrounding land.
3. Biological
Warfare and Nuclear warfare
Ans:
Biological Warfare is the use of biological toxins or infectious agents like
smallpox, jaundice that are released among the enemy to infect and kill them.
Nuclear
warfare is a theoretical military conflict or prepared political strategy that
deploys nuclear weaponry.
III. Answer the following questions.
1. What
are disasters? How are they classified?
Ans: Disaster can be defined as a sudden,
unexpected occurrence that causes massive, rampant damage to lives and property
of people.
They
can be classified broadly into two categories- Natural disaster and Human-made
disaster.
2. What
is disaster management?
Ans:
According to the World Bank, Disaster management is the body of policy and
administrative decisions and operational activities which pertain to the
various stages of a disaster at all level.
3. Define
epicentre. What are the precautions to be taken before, during and after an
earthquake?
Ans;
The point directly above it on the surface of the earth is called epicenter.
Precaution
to be taken.
i.
Identify a safe place at home, school and office under a study table or desk.
ii. Practice the three vital steps of drop
cover and hold on.
iii. Stay on an open ground away from buildings,
trees and electric poles which fall on you.
iv.
Learn first aid and to operate a fire extinguisher.
v. Do not panic, stay calm.
4. What
is a cyclone? What is the kind of damage inflicted by a cyclone?
Ans:-
Spinning Storms which form over warm tropical waters. They can reach wind
speeds of over 120 km per hour. These storms are called cyclones.
Some
of the damage caused by cyclone are.
i.
Damage buildings and property.
ii.
Destroy crops,
iii. uproot trees,
iv.
Cause dead due to drowning.
v.
Capsize boats at sea.
5. What
are Flood? Write a brief note on floods in India and how they are dealt with.
Ans:
Floods happen when a river has too much water in its channel. The water breaks
through the river banks and spreads over the surrounding land.
Floods
are an annual feature in several parts of India. Many of the rivers flow their
banks like Assam, Bihar and Odisha. The government with the help of the army
and Navy launches rescue operations to move marooned people to safer places.
Food packets are air dropped for people who are still trapped in unreachable
places. Relief camps are opened where
the affected can stay till the flood water recede.
6. Mention
a few effects of droughts. What are the majors that can be taken to reduce its
impact?
Ans:
Effects of drought are;
hunger,
thirst and famine, Wildfires, diseases, social conflicts, migration and
relocations.
Some
of the precautions test to reduce the impacts are. Educate farmers to avoid
over cropping and overgrazing.
Some
of the Precaution to reduce its impact are:
i.
Educate farmers to avoid
over cropping and overgrazing.
ii.
Check deforestation and
plant trees.
iii.
Practice rainwater
harvesting.
7. List
a few human- made disasters.
Ans:
Some of the Human – made disaster are – war or terrorist attacks, nuclear
radiation, chemical disasters and accidents.
8. Explain in brief about Weapons of mass
destruction.
Ans:
The weapons of mass destruction refer to nuclear, biological and chemical
warfare. They can cause deaths on a massive scale and cause permanent damage to
health among the living.
Weapons
of mass destruction can be –
i.
Nuclear weapons
ii.
Bombs- bombs are used by
terrorists to blow up crowded places
iii.
Germ warfare- germs of deadly
diseases like smallpox, jaundice etc.
iv.
Chemical warfare-
Chemicals like ‘Agent Orange’ and Napalm’.
9. What
precautions can be taken during chemical disaster?
Ans:
Precautions to be taken –
i.
Find out whether the
industrial units close to your city use hazardous chemicals.
ii.
Find out if the local
administration has emergency plans to deal with industrial accidents.
iii.
Find out about the
antidotes needed in case of poisoning of people, animals, water resources etc.,
and their availability.
iv.
Find out from the hospitals,
if they are capable of handling cases of exposure to chemicals.
v.
Keep a chart of Dos and
Don’t in case of a chemical disaster.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. c
2. d
3. b
4. c
5. b
6. b
7. c
8. d
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