New Getting Ahead In Social Studies Class 8 Solutions- History Chapter - 14 - The Struggle for Independence (1919 - 1947)

Part I: History

Chapter – 14

The Struggle for Independence (1919 – 1947) 

I.        Fill in the blanks:

1.     South Africa

2.     1919

3.     Swaraj

4.     Lahore

5.     Sabarmati to Dandi

6.     1942

7.     Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose

8.     Lord Mountbatten

9.     Sovereign Republic

 

II.               True or False

1.     True

2.     False

3.     False

4.     True

5.     True

6.     False

7.     True

III.           Answer in Brief:

1.     Name a few element of the Constructive Programme of Gandhi

Ans: The elements of the Constructive Programme of Gandhiji are spinning kaadi, Hindu-Muslim unity and the removal of the untouchability.

 

2.     Write a short note on the Non- cooperation Movement.

Ans:    It was called the Non Cooperation Movement because it asked people to boycot British goods, and refuse to work or corporate with the British. Large quantities of foreign goods were burnt at many places. The charka (spinning wheel) and the Khadi became symbols of this programme.

 

3.     Why did Indians boycott the Simon Commission?

Ans:    Because the commission, which was to decide India's political future, did not include a single Indian. Therefore the Congress the Muslim League and the Hindu Mahasabha decided to boycott the commission.

 

4.     What was the revolutionary act committed by Bhagat Singh? What was the sentence awarded to him by the British?

Ans:    The revolutionary act committed by Bhagat Singh was that he killed Saunders, the British officer who had ordered the lathi charge.

He was hanged to death on 23rd March 1931.

 

5.     What was the ‘two nation theory’?

Ans: According to this theory Hindu and Muslims were not merely separate religious communities, but they were also culturally and racially different.  So, they were, therefore two separate nations.

 

6.     Why did the Congress ministries resign in 1939?

Ans: The Congress Ministries resign in 1939 because the British government gives no satisfactory reply to the Congress demand for complete Independence.

 

7.     Who formed the main base of Subhas Chandra Bose’s Indian National Army?

Ans:    Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose

 

8.     Why did the Simla Conference fail?

Ans:    The Shimla Conference failed owing to the lack of agreement between the Congress and the Muslim League.

 

9.     Which party called for the Direct Action Day? What was its result?

Ans:   The Muslim League.

It condemned the Congress and the British government and declared that Muslims should resort to direct action to achieve their goal of Pakistan.

  

IV.           Answer in detail:

 

1.     Write short notes on:

i)                   The Simon Commission

ii)                The Nehru Report

Ans: i)The Simon Commission:        The British government appointed Commission under Sir John Simon in 1927 . The main purpose of the Simon Commission was to take a decision on self- government for India but no Indian members was included in the Simon Commission, therefore the Congress, the Muslim League and the Hindu Mahasabha decided to boycott the commission. When the Simon Commission arrived in India from England in February 1928, it was greeted with demonstrations,  black flags and the slogan 'Simon Go Back '.

 

ii)The Nehru Report Nehru report is a committee headed by Motilal Nehru to draft a constitution. The report of the committee known as the Nehru Report, recommended that India will be granted dominion status (self government within the British Empire) immediately, and demanded fundamental rights for Indian citizens.

 

2.     Write an account of the Dandi March by Gandhi.

Ans:    Dandi March was undertaken by Mahatma Gandhi and many of his supporters as a mark of protest against the grossly unjust salt laws the British government had imposed on Indians. So Mahatma Gandhi walked 400 km from the Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi. There on 6th April 1930, he picked  a handful of salt that had been formed along the shore by the evaporation of sea water. This symbolic act broke the British salt laws.

 

3.     Describe the Non- cooperation Movement. Why did Gandhi withdraw the movement?

Ans: In December 1920, the Congress adopted a new program of struggle against the government. It was called the Non Cooperation Movement because it asked people to boycot British goods, and refuse to work or corporate with the British. Large quantities of foreign goods were burnt at many places. The charka(spinning wheel) and the Khadi became symbols of this programme.

 

Because the enforcements of law and ordered by the government resulted in clashes and bloodshed, almost 30,000 people were imprisoned and all important Nationalist leader were behind bars.

4.     What events and differences in view caused a breach between the Congress and the Muslim League?

Ans: With Congress Ministries in place in some of the provinces and poor showing of the Muslim League in the 1937 elections, the Muslim League was now bitterly opposed to the Congress. It began to claim that the interests of the Muslim minority could not be protected by the Hindu majority. So in 1940, the Muslim League pass a resolution demanding the partition of India and the creations of an independent Muslim state to be name as Pakistan.

 

5.     What event was the main reason for the announcement of the Quit India Movement? What were the results of the movement?

Ans: The main reason for the announcements of the Quit India Movement was the failure of the Cripps Mission. The Congress decided to take active steps to compel the British to grant complete Independence to India. So the All India Congress Committee met in Bombay on 8 August 1942 and passed the historic Quit Indian Resolution. It proposed starting 'a mass struggle or nonviolence lines on non-violent on the wildest possible scale under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi'.

 

6.     Describe the event that preceded and led to the partition of India. What were the effects of partition on India and Pakistan?

Ans:    In March 1947, Lord Mountbatten came to India is the last Viceroy. In June Mountbatten presented a plan for the partitions of British India into two independent States- India and Pakistan. The Congress leaders a agreed to the partitions to avoid further bloodshed between Hindus and Muslim.

Partition saw some of the worst communial riots in the history of the World. Lakhs of peoples were killed, many more displaced, homes broken and lives destroyed.

7.     Write short notes on the Constituent Assembly, and the adoption of the Constitution of India.

Ans: The constituent assembly was formed under the provisions of the cabinet mission plan. The main task of the Assembly was to frame a constitution for India, so diverse in its culture, language and religion.

Dr Rajendra Prasad was elected the chairman of the assembly and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar was the chairman of the drafting committee. After 3 years of careful planning and discussions, the final draft of the Indian Constitution was passed on 26th November 1949. On 26 January 1950, India was declared a sovereign democratic republic. Ever since, the day is celebrated as Republic Day throughout the country.

 

 

Multiple Choice Question

 

1.     c)

2.     a)

3.     d)

4.     b)

5.     c)

6.     b)

7.     c)

8.     d)

9.     b)

10.   d)

11.   b)

12.   b,c, d)

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New Getting Ahead In Social Studies Class 8 Solutions- Geography Chapter 8 - Human Resource | Solved Questions and Answers

 

         Part II: Geography

Chapter – 8

Human Resource

Notes For Class VIII        

 

I.                   Answer the following

1.      Any three moderating populated regions.

Ans: Pakistan, Iran and Iraq are the moderately populated regions.

2.      Any two countries  with a high birth rate.

Ans: Uganda and Nigeria

 

3.      Any two countries with low literacy rate.

Ans: Afghanistan and Mali

 

4.      Any two countries with a high density population.

Ans:  China and India.

 

5.      Any two countries with high life expectancy.

Ans: Japan  and China

 

II.                Difference between

1.      Densely populated and Moderately populated regions.

Ans: The density of population is very high along the fertile river valleys and industrial.

Moderately populated region are agriculturally developed and semi urban in nature. Industries have begun to develop here.

 

2.      Birth rate and Death rate

Ans:  Birth Rate  is a measure of the number of live births. It is measured as number of live births per 1000 people.

Death Rate is a measure of number of deaths per 1000 people.

 

3.      Sex Ratio and Dependency Ratio.

Ans: Sex Ration is defined as number of females per 1,000 males.

Dependency ratio - A comparison of the two groups is used to calculate the dependency ratio of a county

 

III.             Give reasons.

1.      A huge population is not necessarily an indicator of economic development.

Ans:-A huge population is not necessarily an indicator of economic development because huge population can be a liability of the economy. Huge population can also raised a lot of issues such as poor infrastructure; the population will receive no education or proper medical facilities.

 

2.      India’s composition is now considered favorable.

Ans:- India, Today has a relatively number of young people that means a strong and expanding labour force. If the work force can be turned into a skilled, spirited lot, they can be immense help for the future of the nation.

 

3.      Siberia is sparely populated

Ans: Siberia is sparsely populated as the climate here is very cold. Winters are long and severe with heavy snowfall which the summers are short and cool.

 

IV.             Answer the following questions.

1.      What is meant by human resource?

Ans:- Human resources can be referred to as the labour input into the production process.

 

2.      On the basis of skill, how are people classified?

Ans:- On the basis of skill, we can classify labour employed in the process of production into three groups.

                                     i.      Unskilled( no specific skilled)

                                     ii.      Skilled ( has the basic skills required for the job)

                                 iii.      Highly skilled ( has expertise in the skills required for the job)

 

3.      What are the geographical factors which affect the distribution of population?

Ans:- Relief (shape and height of land), Climate, water, social and political.

 

4.      Name two sparsely populated deserts.

Ans:- The Sahara and the Arabic Desert.

 

5.      Define birth and death rate.

Ans:- Birth rate is measure of the number of live births. It is measured as number of live births. It is measured as number of live births per 1000 people.

 Death rate is a measure of number of deaths per 1000 people.

 

6.      What are the reasons for rapid growth of population?

Ans:-The reason for the rapid growth of population is mainly due to the increase in high birth and lower in death rate.

 

 

 

 

7.      What is a population Pyramid? Describe India’s population pyramid; What conclusions can you draw from it? How is it expected to change by 2050?

Ans:- An interesting way of studying the population composition of a country is by looking as the populated pyramid, also called as age-sex pyramid.

A population pyramid shows –

i.        The total population divided into various age groups, eg., 5 to 9 years, 10 to 14 years.

ii.     The percentage of the total population, subdivides into male and females, in each of those groups.

 

India has the largest proportion of person of age 14 years and under in the world. If health, education and skill development of this young population are taken care of they will be a great asset to the country.

 

 

 

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New Getting Ahead In Social Studies Class 8 Solutions - History Chapter- 15 - India after Independence|| Solved Question and Answers || Intas Jz

Part I: History

Chapter – 15

After the Independence

------------------------------------------------------------------------

         

I.                   Fill in the Blanks

1.      Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

2.      Pakistan

3.      Maharaja Hari Singh

4.      1950

5.      Panchsheel

6.      Language

II.                True or False

1.      True

2.      True

3.      False

4.      False

5.      True

 

III.             Answer in Brief

1.      What were the two challenges that India faced immediately after independence?

Ans: The two challenges that India faced after the independence are:-

i) the refugee crisis.

            ii) keeping the country together and not allow it to break into independent fragments.

 

2.      How was Junagadh annexed to India?

Ans:- Junagadh was a small seaport state in Kathiawad(Saurashtra). The Nawab of Janagadh wanted to join Pakistan, while the people of the state wanted to join India. The Indian army was sent to take over the state. The nawab fled to Pakistan, and Junagadh became part of India.

 

3.      How was Hyderabad annexed to India?

Ans:- Hyderabad enjoyed a special position as the largest princely state of India. The nizam declared Hyderabad to be independent. The Indian leaders felt that the future of India as a unified nation would face grave danger if this was allowed to happen. Indian troops were sent to Hyderabad. The government of India announced that it was not a war but ‘police action’, and Hyderabad was annexed to India.

4.      Why did the ruler of Kashmir join India?

Ans:- Kashmir had a Hindu ruler, Maharaja Hari Singh, ruling over a majority of muslim people. Hari Singh had secret hopes of remaining independent. Since Kashmir was invaded by Pathan tribes from Pakistan. Hari Singh appealed to India for help and, in return, he agreed to join India.

 

5.      What are Five-Year Plans? Which Prime Minister introduced them?

Ans:-  Five-Year Plans are methods to plan for the most effectives and balanced utilization of the country’s resources.

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru

 

6.      List all the countries that neighbor India.

Ans:- Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka.

 

7.      Explain the policy of non- alignment.

Ans: When the world was divided into camps headed by the ernest USSR and the USA, India remained neutral through the Non- Aligned Movement.

 

IV.             Answer in detail.

1.      Describe the significant features of the Constitution of India.

Ans: The significant feature of the Constitution of India are-

                                       i.      World's Longest Constitution: The Indian Constitution contains 395 articles and 12 schedules, making it the world's longest written constitution. 

                                    ii.      Taken from various sources: The Indian Constitution was framed from multiple sources including the 1935 Government of India Act and Other Countries Constitutions.

 

                                      iii.      Federal System with Unitary Features: The Indian Constitution includes all the federal characteristics of governance such as dual government system (center and state), division of powers (among executive, judiciary and  legislature), constitutional supremacy, etc

                                    iv.      Parliamentary Form of Government: The parliamentary system is based on the principle of cooperation and coordination between the legislative and executive organs.

                                    v.      Blend of Rigidity and Flexibility:  A rigid constitution is one that requires a special procedure for its amendment. A flexible constitution is one that can be amended in the same manner as the ordinary laws are made, as for example, the British Constitution.

2.      Give an account of the wars and armed conflicts between India and Pakistan.

Ans: - India and Pakistan have shared a strained relationship ever since the accession of Jammu and Kashmir to India. Pakistan tried to liberate Kashmir, and it ended in armed conflict between the two countries. Two Indo-Pakistan wars took place, one in 1965 over Kashmir and the other in1970(Liberation of Bangladesh). There were constant border skirmishes. In May 1999, armed intruders and Pakistan soldiers entered Kashmir and took control of the high ridges of Kargil. So After a bitterly fought battle, India took back Kargil.

 

3.      Give a brief account of the ups and downs in the relationship between India and China.

Ans: In 1954, India and China signed the Panchsheel Agreement, and both accepted the five principles of friendly co-existence. However, trouble soon arouse with China publishing a map which showed over one lakh square kilometres of Indian territory in the Himalayas as part of China. Even Chinese forces attacked India in 1962 and defeated the Indian army. However, there have been efforts on both sides to improve relations.

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions-

1.       d)

2.       b)

3.       d)

4.       d)

5.       c)

6.       a)

7.       a)

8.       d)

9.       b)

10.   c)

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