New Getting Ahead In Social Studies Class 8 Solutions - History Chapter- 15 - India after Independence|| Solved Question and Answers || Intas Jz

Part I: History

Chapter – 15

After the Independence

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I.                   Fill in the Blanks

1.      Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

2.      Pakistan

3.      Maharaja Hari Singh

4.      1950

5.      Panchsheel

6.      Language

II.                True or False

1.      True

2.      True

3.      False

4.      False

5.      True

 

III.             Answer in Brief

1.      What were the two challenges that India faced immediately after independence?

Ans: The two challenges that India faced after the independence are:-

i) the refugee crisis.

            ii) keeping the country together and not allow it to break into independent fragments.

 

2.      How was Junagadh annexed to India?

Ans:- Junagadh was a small seaport state in Kathiawad(Saurashtra). The Nawab of Janagadh wanted to join Pakistan, while the people of the state wanted to join India. The Indian army was sent to take over the state. The nawab fled to Pakistan, and Junagadh became part of India.

 

3.      How was Hyderabad annexed to India?

Ans:- Hyderabad enjoyed a special position as the largest princely state of India. The nizam declared Hyderabad to be independent. The Indian leaders felt that the future of India as a unified nation would face grave danger if this was allowed to happen. Indian troops were sent to Hyderabad. The government of India announced that it was not a war but ‘police action’, and Hyderabad was annexed to India.

4.      Why did the ruler of Kashmir join India?

Ans:- Kashmir had a Hindu ruler, Maharaja Hari Singh, ruling over a majority of muslim people. Hari Singh had secret hopes of remaining independent. Since Kashmir was invaded by Pathan tribes from Pakistan. Hari Singh appealed to India for help and, in return, he agreed to join India.

 

5.      What are Five-Year Plans? Which Prime Minister introduced them?

Ans:-  Five-Year Plans are methods to plan for the most effectives and balanced utilization of the country’s resources.

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru

 

6.      List all the countries that neighbor India.

Ans:- Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka.

 

7.      Explain the policy of non- alignment.

Ans: When the world was divided into camps headed by the ernest USSR and the USA, India remained neutral through the Non- Aligned Movement.

 

IV.             Answer in detail.

1.      Describe the significant features of the Constitution of India.

Ans: The significant feature of the Constitution of India are-

                                       i.      World's Longest Constitution: The Indian Constitution contains 395 articles and 12 schedules, making it the world's longest written constitution. 

                                    ii.      Taken from various sources: The Indian Constitution was framed from multiple sources including the 1935 Government of India Act and Other Countries Constitutions.

 

                                      iii.      Federal System with Unitary Features: The Indian Constitution includes all the federal characteristics of governance such as dual government system (center and state), division of powers (among executive, judiciary and  legislature), constitutional supremacy, etc

                                    iv.      Parliamentary Form of Government: The parliamentary system is based on the principle of cooperation and coordination between the legislative and executive organs.

                                    v.      Blend of Rigidity and Flexibility:  A rigid constitution is one that requires a special procedure for its amendment. A flexible constitution is one that can be amended in the same manner as the ordinary laws are made, as for example, the British Constitution.

2.      Give an account of the wars and armed conflicts between India and Pakistan.

Ans: - India and Pakistan have shared a strained relationship ever since the accession of Jammu and Kashmir to India. Pakistan tried to liberate Kashmir, and it ended in armed conflict between the two countries. Two Indo-Pakistan wars took place, one in 1965 over Kashmir and the other in1970(Liberation of Bangladesh). There were constant border skirmishes. In May 1999, armed intruders and Pakistan soldiers entered Kashmir and took control of the high ridges of Kargil. So After a bitterly fought battle, India took back Kargil.

 

3.      Give a brief account of the ups and downs in the relationship between India and China.

Ans: In 1954, India and China signed the Panchsheel Agreement, and both accepted the five principles of friendly co-existence. However, trouble soon arouse with China publishing a map which showed over one lakh square kilometres of Indian territory in the Himalayas as part of China. Even Chinese forces attacked India in 1962 and defeated the Indian army. However, there have been efforts on both sides to improve relations.

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions-

1.       d)

2.       b)

3.       d)

4.       d)

5.       c)

6.       a)

7.       a)

8.       d)

9.       b)

10.   c)

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New Getting Ahead In Social Studies Class 8 Solutions- Geography Chapter –6 Industries || Solved Question and Answers

Part II: Geography

Chapter – 6

Industries

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1. Distinguish between:

 

1.      Public and Private sector industries

Ans: Public Sector Industries: Public Sector Industries are owned, managed and controlled by the state or central government.

Private Sector Industries: Private Sector Industries are owned, managed and controlled by individuals or group of individuals.

 

2.      Mineral –based and forest-based industries.

Ans:- Mineral-based industries get their raw materials from minerals which are then processed and turned into finished products. For examples – the iron and steel industry.

Forest-based industries obtain their raw materials from shrubs, herbs, grasses and trees in the forests. These industries use wood or wood pulp as their raw material.

3.      Large and small scale industries

Ans:- Large scale industries use large amounts of capital, huge machines and modern and superior technology to manufacture goods. For example- Iron and steel industry, petrochemicals, aircraft, railway coach etc.

Small Scale industries are small manufacturing units set up with limited capital. They are engaged in silk weaving, producing garments, food and leather items, etc.

 

2. Name the following.

1.      Any three industrial regions in India.

Ans:- i. The Mumbai- Pune cluster

         ii. The Ahmedabad – Vadodara region

         iii. The Gurugram – Delhi- Meerut region

 

2.      Name a few examples for pastoral-based industries

Ans:- The woolen textiles industry, the dairy industry and the leather industry.

 

3.      Any four inputs in the industrial system.

Ans:-  The inputs are the raw materials, labour, land to operate from, power, communication, trade and transport.

 

4.      Any two examples for cottage industries.

Ans:- Two examples of cottage industries – Toy making and weaving.

3. Give reasons:

1.      Several industries cities are located along the coast.

Ans:- Several industries cities are located along the coast because –

                              i.      The proximity to coast provides an easy access to marine routes.

                             ii.      It is cheaper for industrial to export their finished goods and imports bulky raw materials by using oceanic waterways.

 

2.      Industries provide value addition.

Ans:- Industries provides value addition because it rise in the value of raw materials when they become a finished products and it becomes of greater use to humans.

 

4. Answer the following questions.

1.      Define the word ‘industry’.

Ans:- The word ‘Industry’ referred to any economic activity concerned with the processing of raw materials into finished goods with the help of machines in factories.

 

2.      Briefly explain the importance of manufacturing industries.

Ans:-  The importance of manufacturing industries are-

a.      Contribute to value addition

b.      Add significant to the national income

c.       Pave the way for rapid development

d.      Generate employment.

 

3.      Classify the industries on the basis of their size.

Ans:-  On the basis of size we can classify industries into cottage industries, small scale industries and large scale industries.

 

4.      How can industries be classified on the basis of raw materials used?

Ans:-  On the basis of raw materials used industries can be classified as agro-based industries, mineral-based industries, marine-based industries, pastoral-based industries and forest-based industries.

 

5.      What are multinational firms?

Ans:-  Multinational firms are big companies that operate from several countries. These companies operate with a desire to be generally competitive and to get maximum profits. Eg- Tata steel, Nokia, Samsung etc.

 

6.      What are the factors that affect the location of industries?

Ans:- The factors that affects the location of industries are-

i.      Raw materials

ii.    Availability of power resources

iii.  Labour

iv.  Capital

v.    Means of transport

 

7.      What are industrial regions? Name the major ones around the world, and in India.

Ans:-  Industrial regions are a large number of industries which are located in a selected area, close to each other. They enjoy the privileges assured by their government and the benefits of their proximity to each other.

The major industries around the world are – Eastern North America, Western and Central Europe and Eastern Asia.

In India, the major industries are – The Mumbai-Pune cluster, the Ahmedabad- Vadodara region and the Jharkhand- West Bengal region.

 

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1.     c)

2.     d)

3.     d)

4.     a)

5.     d)

6.     d)

7.     a)

8.     d)

                             9.  d)

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New Getting Ahead In Social Studies Class 8 Solutions -History Chapter 9 | Women and Reform || Solved Questions and Answers

 Part I: History

Chapter – 9

Women and Reform

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I.                  Fill in the Blanks

1.     Sati

2.     Raja Rammohun Roy

3.     Swami Dayanand Swaraswati

4.     Jotirao Phule

 

II.               True or False

1.     True  

2.     False

3.     False

4.     True

5.     True

 

III.           Answer in Brief

1.     What was the major achievement of Raja Rammohun Roy?

Ans: The major achievement of Raja Rammohun Roy was-

i)                   He founded the Brahmo Samaj

ii)                He succeeded in abolishing the sati practices.

 

2.     Which Act was Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar instrumental in getting passed?

Ans:- Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar instrumental in getting passed was Widow Remarriage Act of 1856.

3.     Briefly describe Swami Dayanand Saraswati’s philosophy.

Ans:- Swami Dayanand Swaraswai condemned sati and supported widow remarriage and opposed child marriage. He also started the Arya Samaj which aimed at reviving society along Vedic lines, According to him; the Vedas contained the essence of life and knowledge

 

4.     Name some prominent women who took part in the freedom movement.

Ans:- Some prominent women are- Sarojini Naidu, Vijaya Laxshmi Pandit and Annie Besant.

5.     Name three social reformers from Maharashtra and explain their contributions to women’s emancipation.

Ans:- a) Dadabhai Naoroji: He was one of the co-founder of the Indian National Congress, and fought for legal rights for women, so that they could inherit property.

          b) Mahatma Jotirao Phule: He was also a social reformer who worked for the empowerment women.

          c) Mahadev Govind Rane: He formed the widow Remarriage Association and the Deccan Educational Society.

 

IV.           Answer in detail.

1.     Describe briefly how women were treated in the 17^th and 18^th centuries in India.

Ans:-   i) The position of women in Society: In communities across India, women were not treated with respect. Women did not have the right to inherit their father’s property.

          ii) Limited access to Education: Women were discouraged from attending schools and colleges.

iii)   Child Marriage: Girls were married off at a very young age, sometimes when they were just 5 or 6 years old.

iv)    Sati: The practices of sati (the burning alive of women on the funeral pyre of their husbands had common in many parts of India.

v)      Female Infanticide: The birth of a girl child was seen as a curse in many parts of India.                                                                      

2.     Name three social reformers from Bengal and their contributions to the uplift of women.

Ans:-The three reformers from Bengal are:-

a)    Henry Vivian Derozio: He started the Young Bengal Movement to inspire in the youth the ideals of ‘Liberty’, Equality and Fraternity.

b)    Ramakrishna Paramahamsa: According to him, all the women were to be treated as equals and with respects.

c)     Raja Rammohun Roy: He started the Brahmo Samaj in 1828 and also abolished the practiced of sati.

 

Multiple Choice Questions-

 

1.     (c)

2.     (c)

3.     b) & d)

4.     (b)

5.     (a)

6.     (d)

7.     (d)

8.       (c)

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