Unravelling the World on Social Studies - CIVICS | Chapter 5 - Judiciary in India | Class 8 | Solved Question and Answers

 

Part III: CIVICS

Chapter – 5

Judiciary in India
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            Exercise

            A.   Answer the following questions in brief.

1.    List the main functions of the judiciary.

Ans: The main functions of the judiciary are to protect the rights of the people and resolve disputes in accordance with the laws set by the constitution.

 2.    What is the function of the revenue courts?

Ans: The function of the revenue courts is to hear cases which involve the payment of tax.

 3.    Why is the Supreme Court called the Court of Records?

Ans: The Supreme Court is called the Court of Record because the verdicts and judgements made by the Supreme Court are kept as records for reference and used by lawyers as precedents. 

4.    Define Appellate jurisdiction.

Ans: If any party is not satisfied with the judgement of a lower court, regarding constitutional, civil or criminal cases, they can appeal to the Court to change the results of the decisions made by them.

 5.    What are District Courts?

Ans: The district courts at the district level which are under the administrative and judicial control of the High Court of the state are district court. Some of the courts are – Civil and criminals courts, revenue court, Nyaya panchayat and Lok adalats.

 

B.   Answer the following questions in detail.

1.    How does the Constitution ensure independence of the judiciary?

Ans: i) Appointment of judges does not involve political parties.

        ii) A person must have experience as a lawyer to be appointed as a judge.

        iii) He cannot be appointed arbitrarily.

        iv) The judges hold office till the age of retirement.

 2.    What are the powers of the Supreme Court? Describe any one of them.

Ans: The powers of the Supreme Court are:-

i)   Original jurisdiction

ii)  Appellate jurisdiction

iii)  Advisory jurisdiction

iv)            Supervisory jurisdiction

v)  Court of Record

 

Court of Record: The verdicts and judgements made by the Supreme Court are kept as records for reference and used by lawyers as precedents.

 3.    Discuss the composition of the Supreme Court and the High Courts.

Ans: Supreme Court: The Chief Justice of India (CJI), appointed by the President of India, heads the Supreme Court The maximum strength of the Supreme Court is 31.

High Court:  A High Court is composed of a Chief Justice and a number of judges. The President of India, in consultant with the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and the Governor of the state appoints the Chief Justice.

 4.    What are the qualifications of judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts?

Ans: The qualification of the Judges of the Supreme Court:

 The judges should be a citizen of India with ten years of experience as advocates or five years of experience as High Court

  The qualification of the Judges of the High Court:

The judge should be a citizen of India and a High Court advocate for at least 10 years, or a holder of a judicial office in India for at least 10 years.

 5.    Describe how a case proceeds from a subordinate court to the Supreme Court.

Ans: Case must be filed with the police with a formal complaint. If the accused is pronounced guilty, he/she may appeal to the court of the sessions judge. If the sessions judge does not modify the decision, the accused can appeal to the state High Court. If the accused person is found guilty in the High Court, he/she can appeal to the highest court in the country.

 

C.   Tick the correct answer.

1.    (i)

2.    (i)

3.    (ii)

4.    (i)

5.    (iii)

 

D.     Fill in the Blanks.

1.    District and Revenue court

2.    Judicial

3.    Session judge Court

4.    Supreme court

5.    Tax

E.        Compare and Contrast

1.    PIL and Writ Petition

Ans: PIL:  Any individual or group of people, whose rights are affected, can file a PIL (Public Interest Litigation.)

Writ Petition: A writ petition can be filed only if your fundamental rights are being violated.

2.    Nyaya Panchayat and Lok Adalats

Ans: Nyaya Panchayat: Nyaya panchayat serve as village – level courts that settle minors cases. A group of villages is served by one Nyaya Panchayat.

Lok Adalats :  Lok adalats are people’s court based on Gandhian principles, which follow very simple procedures to settle petty disputes through conciliation and compromise.

 

 

 

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Unravelling the World on Social Studies - CIVICS | Chapter _ 3 - Parliamentary Form of Government | Class 8 | Solved Question and Answers

   Part III: CIVICS

Chapter – 3

Parliamentary Form of Government
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Exercise

A. Answer the following questions in brief:

1.  How are the members of Rajya Sabha elected?

Ans: The Rajya Sabha has 250 members, 12 of whom are chosen by the President for their competence in the fields of Art, literature, science, and social service. The remaining members are elected by the States and the Union territories by the method of indirect elections.

 

2.  What are the three organs of the government?

Ans: The three organs of the government are. Legislature, executive and Judiciary.

 

3.  What are the qualification necessary for a person to be elected as the President of India?

Ans:   i. He/she must be citizen of India.

         ii. He should not be less than 35 years of age.

iii. He/she must be qualified for election as member of the Lok                              Sabha

iv. He/she must not hold any office of profit.

v. He/she must not have any criminal record.

           

4.  Name some portfolios that are allocated to various ministers.

Ans: Some of the Portfolios are- Defence, finance, industry, agriculture and railways.

 

5.  Who works on the principle of collective responsibility?

Ans: The Prime Minister and the Council of Minister.

 

B. Answer the following questions in detail.

1.  Discuss the stages through which a bill passes before it becomes a law.

Ans: The stages are-

i.      A minister or a member seek the permission of the House to introduce a bill. This is called first reading.

ii.    At the second reading stage, there are discussions on the bill. Member may suggest changes which are taken into consideration.

iii.   The bill is presented to the members after it is drafted with the changes.

iv.  After a bill is sent to the other house. It goes through all the stages it has gone through in the first house.

v.    The president can either sign the bill or send it back with suggestion. Now, when the bill is return, the president signed it and then the bills become a law. It is then referred to as an Act.

 

 

2.  Discuss some functions of the president.

Ans: Some of the powers of the president are.

i.             The President appoints the Prime Minister, the Council of Ministers on the Prime Minister Advice,  judges of the Supreme Court and High Court and government of the States.

ii.           The President is the supreme commander of our defence forces.

iii.          He can pardon and reduce the sentence of the person sentence by a court.

iv.         When there is a failure of the constitutional machinery in the state, he can assume any of the function of the government of that state.

v.           The president can proclaim emergency in the country.

 

3.  Discuss some functions of the Parliament.

Ans: Some of the functions of the Parliament are-

i.             Legislative function: All laws are enacted in the Parliament after a Lenthy procedures which begins with the introduction of the bill.

ii.           Financial function: If the government wants to introduce any new taxes, it has to get the approval of the Lok Sabha.

iii.          Debating function: The Parliament is the highest platform for debate on any issues of national importance in the country.

iv.         Constituent function: The Parliament has the power to bring changes or amendments to the Constitution.

v.           Electoral function: The Parliament perform some electoral functions like electing the President and the Vice President of India.

 

4.  What are the functions of the Prime Minister?

Ans: The function of the Prime Minister are-

i.             The Prime Minister select the member of the council of Minister for appointments by the president.

ii.           He or she allocates portfolios  to the minister.

iii.          The Prime Minister presides over the meetings of the Council of Ministers.

iv.         He or she is the chairperson of the. NITI Aayog.

v.           The Prime Minister represents the country in high level meetings and international organisations.

 

 

5.  Who is more powerful- the President or the Council of Ministers? Give region.

Ans: The Constitution of India no longer sees the President is a mere figurehead. The President must act in accordance with the advice given to him by the Prime Minister, assisted by the Council of Minister. So therefore. The Council of Ministers are more powerful.

 

C. Fill in the blanks.

1.  Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

2.  Highest platform

3.  Law

4.  President and Vice-President

5.  Money bill

 

D. Tick the correct answer.

1.  (i)

2.  (ii)

3.  (ii)

4.  (ii)

5.  (i)

 

E.  Write short notes on

1.  Money bills

Ans: Money bill deals with the income or expenditures of the Government. Money bill can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha after it is certified as a money bill by the Speaker.

2.  Union, State and Residuary list

Ans:  a. Union List: The Union List has subjects of national importance on which we need an uniform policy throughout the country, like defence foreign affairs, banking, communication, and currency.

      b. State List: The State List contain subject of state and local importance. On which the state government makes laws like police trade, commerce, agriculture, and irrigation.

    c. Residuary List: Subject which do not fall in any one of the these three lists such as, computer software, Internet and dual citizenship are listed in the Residuary List on which the power lies only on the central government.

3.  The Vice- President: The Vice President is elected by an Electoral College consisting of members of both the Houses of Parliament. He must be a citizen of India, not less than 35 five years of age, and eligible for election as a member of a Rajya Sabha. His term of office is five years.

 

4.  Council of Minister: The real powers of the executive lie with the Prime Minister and His/her Council of Ministers. Council of Minister comprise of Cabinet minister, Minister of State with independent Charge, Ministers of State who work with the Cabinet Minister, and Deputy Ministers.

 

5.  State of Emergency: The President can proclaim emergency in the country if he feels that the security of the country is threatened, by war or external aggressions, or armed rebellion.

 

 

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